Permanent claim record
Research InterpretationCold-water immersion at 14 °C increased plasma norepinephrine concentration in healthy men.
- Statement type
- Research Interpretation
- Evidence confidence
- Moderate
- Ice Sack applicability
- Indirect Analogy
- Last reviewed
- 2026-08-04
Evidence synthesis
In a controlled study, one-hour immersion at 14 °C produced a sustained increase in plasma norepinephrine compared to thermoneutral water.
Limitations
One small study in young men using water immersion. The response magnitude depends on temperature, duration, method, and individual factors.