The Cold Shift

Permanent claim record

Research Interpretation

Cold-water immersion at 14 °C increased plasma norepinephrine concentration in healthy men.

Statement type
Research Interpretation
Evidence confidence
Moderate
Ice Sack applicability
Indirect Analogy
Last reviewed
2026-08-04

Evidence synthesis

In a controlled study, one-hour immersion at 14 °C produced a sustained increase in plasma norepinephrine compared to thermoneutral water.

Limitations

One small study in young men using water immersion. The response magnitude depends on temperature, duration, method, and individual factors.

Supporting records

Human physiological responses to immersion into water of different temperaturesEuropean Journal of Applied Physiology, 2000 · PMID 10751106
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